INTELLIGENT PERSONALITY: TYPES OF METAPHORICAL RETHINKING WHEN FORMING A PHRASEOLOGICAL IMAGE (case study of the Ukrainian, German and English languages)
Published 2021-07-01
Keywords
- phraseological unit/phraseme, idiom, metaphor, metaphorization, structural-semantic analysis, inner form
- фразеологічна одиниця/фразема, ідіома, метафора, метафоричне переосмислення, структурно- семантичний аналіз, внутрішня форма
Abstract
Purpose. The main purpose of this paper is to interpret and differentiate the types of metaphorization mechanisms in Ukrainian, German and English phraseological units, which characterize positive intellectual abilities of a person, as well as to identify their common and distinctive features since one of the main characteristics of phraseological systems of different languages is the unity of general and special. Based on this goal and the general task of anthropocentric phraseology – the study of the ratio of linguistic and extralinguistic meanings, the existing definitions of phraseological units in languages are investigated, and the phraseological meaning is considered as an object of linguistic research. Phrasemes, or phraseological units, are studied in different directions. The study of them as units reflecting the human factor in any language remains relevant in recent decades. Metaphor is also in the focus of modern linguistics because of its relationship between linguistic phenomena and perception, memory and thinking, acquisition and application of human knowledge and experience.
Methods. Since phraseological units are also studied in linguistic and linguocultural aspects, a complex research methodology is used here. According to the set goal and specific tasks, such basic methods as descriptive, comparative, component analysis were used.
Results. The research findings are as follows: the author suggests a general classification of the mechanisms of metaphorization in phraseological units taking into account the components of their inner form. The models of phraseological units are highlighted, which are based on different types of metaphorical rethinking. The proposed classification can be used to study the semantic features of phraseological units using the material of different languages, as well as for their further correct ideographic separation.
Conclusions. In the studied languages phrasemes with metaphorical rethinking form a rather large group. Many of them have a fairly transparent structure of meaning, the motivation of which is based on broad connotations known to almost any native speaker. The research objective includes identifying semantic similarities and differences between phraseological units of languages studied. The connection of phraseological units with the cultural code is preserved in the collective subconscious memory of native speakers. Phraseologisms, reflecting in their semantics the long process of people’s cultural development, fix and transmit cultural attitudes and archetypes, standards and stereotypes from generation to generation.
References
2. AUFS: Anhlo-ukrayins’kyy frazeolohichnyy slovnyk (2006) [English-Ukrainian phraseological dictionary]. Barantsev, K.T. (ed.). Kyiv, Ukraine: Znannya, 1056 p. [in Ukrainian].
3. BARFS: Bol’shoy anglo-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar’: Okolo 20000 frazeologicheskikh yedinits (2005) [Comprehensive English-Russian phraseological dictionary: About 20,000 phraseological units]. Kunin, A.V. (auth.-comp.). – Moscow: Zhivoy yazyk, 944 p. [in Russian].
4. Bedrych Yaroslava (2016) Metaphors of inclusive semantics in the language of science. Advanced Education, 2016, Issue 5, 21-27. DOI: 10.20535/2410-8286.61283.
5. BNRS: Bol’shoy nemetsko-russkiy slovar’ (2007) [Comprehensive German-Russian Dictionary]. Leyn, K., Mal’tseva, D.G. (eds.). – Moscow: Russkiy yazyk – Media, 1159 p. [in Russian].
6. Dem’yanenko N.B. (2003) Pol’s’ki frazeolohichni odynytsi na poznachennya mental’nykh vlastyvostey lyudyny: strukturno-semantychna ta formal’no-hramatychna kharakterystyky. [Polish phraseological units denoting human mental properties: structural-semantic and formal-grammatical characteristics] Kyiv, Ukraine: Kyiv National University. Institute of Philology, 23 p. [in Ukrainian].
7. M-W: Dictionary and Thesaurus. Merriam-Webster Online. Access mode: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/
8. ESKSV: Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar’ krylatykh slov i vyrazheniy: Boleye 4000 statey (2005) [Encyclopedic Dictionary of Idioms and Expressions: More than 4000 articles]. Serov, V. (eds.). Moscow: Lokid-Press, 880 p. [in Russian].
9. FS: Filosofskiy slovar’ (2006) [Philosophical Dictionary] Andrushchenko, I.V., Vusatyuk, O.A., et al. (eds.). Kyiv, Ukraine: A.S.K.,1056 p. [in Russian].
10. FSUM: Frazeolohichnyy slovnyk ukrayins’koyi movy (1998) [Phraseological dictionary of the Ukrainian language]. Uzhchenko, V.D., Uzhchenko, D.V., Kyiv, Ukraine: Osvita, 224 p. [in Ukrainian].
11. Karakutsya O.M. (2002) Frazeolohizmy ukrayins’koyi movy z komponentom ‘dusha’ (strukturno-semantychnyy, ideohrafichnyy, linhvokul’turolohichnyy aspekty) [Phraseologisms of the Ukrainian language with the ‘soul’ component (structural-semantic, ideographic, linguocultural aspects)] Kharkiv, Ukraine, 19 p. [in Ukrainian].
12. Levchenko O.P. (2005) Frazeolohichna symvolika: linhvokul’turolohichnyy aspekt. [Phraseological symbolism: linguocultural aspect] L’viv, Ukraine: LRIDU NADU, 352 p. [in Ukrainian].
13. LDCE: Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1995) England, Essex: Longman Group LTD, 1668 p. 14. Mayer, J. D.; Salovey, P.; Caruso, D. R. (2004). ‘Emotional intelligence: Theory, findings, and implications’. Psychological Inquiry. 60 (3): 197–215. doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1503_02.
15. NRFS: Nemetsko-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar’ (1975) [German-Russian phraseological dictionary] Binovich, L.E., Grishin, N.N. (eds.). Moscow: Russkiy yazyk, 656 p. [in Russian].
16. NUFS: Nimets’ko-ukrayins’kyy frazeolohichnyy slovnyk (1981) [German-Ukrainian phraseological dictionary] (Vols. 1-2) Havrys’, V.I., Prorochenko, O.P. (eds.). Kyiv, Ukraine: Radyans’ka shkola, V. 1. – 416 p., V. 2. – 384 p. [in Ukrainian]. 17. NTSUM: Novyy tlumachnyy slovnyk ukrayins’koyi movy (2007) In 3 vols. [New Dictionary of Ukrainian language].
Yaremenko V., Slipushko O. (eds.). Kyiv, Ukraine: “Akonit”, V. 1 /A-K/. – 926 p., V. 2 / К-П /. – 926 p., V. 3 / П-Я /. – 862 p. [in Ukrainian].
18. Pasik N.M. (2000) Vlasni nazvy v ukrayins’kiy frazeolohiyi ta paremiolohiyi [Names in Ukrainian phraseology and paremiology] Kyiv, Ukraine: Institute of the Ukrainian language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 15 p. [in Ukrainian].
19. Pasyurkivs’ka M.V. (2009) Zoonimichna leksyka v pol’s’kiy frazeolohiyi: sklad, semantyka, funktsiyi [Zoonymic vocabulary in Polish phraseology: composition, semantics, functions] Kyiv, Ukraine: Potebnya Institute of Linguistics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 18 p. [in Ukrainian].
20. SFUM: Slovnyk frazeolohizmiv ukrayins’koyi movy (2008) [Dictionary of phraseology of the Ukrainian language]. Bilonozhenko, V.M. et al. (eds.). Kyiv, Ukraine: Naukova dumka, 1104 p. [in Ukrainian].
21. SFSUM: Suchasnyy frazeolohichnyy slovnyk ukrayins’koyi movy (2009) [Modern phraseological dictionary of the Ukrainian language]. Yareshchenko, A.P., Bezditko, V.I., Kozyr, O.V. (eds.). Kharkiv, Ukraine: TORSINH PLYUS, 640 p. [in Ukrainian].
22. FD: The Free Dictionary (2011) Farlex, Inc., Access mode: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/.
23. URRUFTS: Ukrayins’ko-rosiys’kyy i rosiys’ko-ukrayins’kyy frazeolohichnyy tlumachnyy slovnyk (1991) [Ukrainian-Russian and Russian-Ukrainian phraseological dictionary]. Oliynyk, I.S., Sydorenko, M.M. (eds.). Kyiv, Ukraine: Radyans’ka shkola, 400 p. [in Ukrainian].
24. Uzhchenko V.D. (1988) Narodzhennya i zhyttya frazeolohizmu. [The birth and life of a phraseological unit] Kyiv, Ukraine: Radyans’ka shkola, 279 p. [in Ukrainian].
25. Zavaryns’ka I.F. (2010) Linhvokul’turna motyvatsiya frazeolohizmiv z onimnym komponentom v anhliys’kiy, pol’s’kiy ta ukrayins’kiy movakh. [Linguocultural motivation of phraseological units with an onymic component in English, Polish and Ukrainian] Kyiv, Ukraine: Drahomanov National Pedagogical University, 22 p. [in Ukrainian].