Romanic, Germanic and Oriental languages
NEGATIVE SELF-CONSCIOUS MORAL EMOTIONS IN CONSTRUCTING VICTORIAN MORAL IDENTITY (A CORPUS-BASED STUDY)
Published 2018-12-27
Abstract
The study has been conducted within the research of emotion facilitators for the transition of ideologies. The paper maintains the hypothesis that a newly rising ideology of VICTORIAN MORALITY was grounded on the emotional zeal of the waning ideology of RELIGION. The ideological transition yielded the change in the structure of the personal identity of Victorians that resulted in the priority transfer from religious identity to moral identity. The departure from the identified religiosity and the bias to individualism favoured the rise of the guilt-oriented culture that propagated personal responsibility for moral perpetration in the face of legislative power. A machine-based qualitative content analysis exhibited a significant linkage of the linguoideologeme guilt to the ideologemes of CRIME & PUNISHMENT as observed in the co-occurrence network charts generated with the help of KH Coder. Inasmuch as guilt was giving its way in solidarity cultivation, the emotional experience of shame and embarrassment, associated with introjected religion internalization and public exposure, retrieved the function of commonality keeping. Attributed to dispositional flaw or gauche in meeting the public expectations, shame and embarrassment triggered the feeling of liability in the face of the society. The co-occurrence analysis of the linguoideologemes shame and embarrassment evinced the suggestive linkage to the emotional experience schemas representing self-deprecating and adaptive action tendencies of the Victorian moral identity.
References
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34. Tangney J.P., Stuewig J., Mashek D.J. Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology. 2007. Vol. 58. P. 345–372.
35. Tracy J.L., Robins R.W. The self in self-conscious emotions: A cognitive appraisal approach. The self-conscious emotions: theory and research / J.L. Tracy, R.W. Robins, J.P. Tangney (eds.). New York: The Guilford Press, 2007. P. 3–20.
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37. Webster’s Complete Dictionary of the English Language / Ch.A. Goodrich, N. Porter, C.A.F. Mahn (eds.). London: George Bell & Sons, 1886. 1847 p.
2. Brambilla M., Manzi C., Regalia C. Italian validation of the Christian religious internalization scale. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology. 2014. Vol. 21(2). P. 135–148. DOI: 10.4473/TPM21.2.2.
3. Casey V. Positive moral emotions and moral identity development: The difference between authentic and hubristic pride. URL: http://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1675.
4. Dein S. The origins of Jewish guilt: Psychological, theological, and cultural perspectives. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health. 2013. Vol. 15(2). P. 123–137. DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2012.737682.
5. De Smet H., Flach S., Tyrkkö J., Diller H.-J. The corpus of Late Modern English (CLMET), version 3.1: Improved tokenization and linguistic annotation. URL: https://perswww.kuleuven.be/~u0044428/clmet3_0.htm.
6. Droždek B., Turkovic S., Wilson P. Posttraumatic shame and guilt: Culture and the posttraumatic self. The posttraumatic self: Restoring meaning and wholeness to personality / J.P. Wilson (ed.). New York: Routledge, 2006. P. 333–368.
7. Eisenberg N. Emotion, regulation, and moral development. Annual Review of Psychology. 2000. Vol. 51. P. 665–697.
8. Fessler D.M.T. From appeasement to conformity: Evolutionary and cultural perspectives on shame, competition, and cooperation. The self-conscious emotions: theory and research / J.L. Tracy, R.W. Robins, J.P. Tangney (eds.). New York: The Guilford Press, 2007. P. 174–193.
9. Haidt J. The moral emotions. Handbook of affective sciences / R.J. Davidson, K.R. Scherer, H.H. Goldsmith (eds.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. P. 852–870.
10. Hardy S.A., Carlo G. Moral identity. Handbook of identity theory and research / S.J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, V.L. Vignoles (eds.). New York: Springer, 2011. P. 495–515.
11. Hardy S.A., Nadal A.R.C., Schwartz S.J. The Integration of Personal Identity, Religious Identity, and Moral Identity in Emerging Adulthood. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research. 2017. Vol. 17(2). P. 96–107. DOI: 10.1080/15283488.2017.1305905.
12. Hardy S.A., Walker L.J., Olsen J.A., Woodbury R.D., Hickman J.R. Moral identity as moral ideal self: Links to adolescent outcomes. Developmental Psychology. 2014. Vol. 50. P. 45–57. DOI: 10.1037/a0033598.
13. Hart D., Matsuba M.K. The Development of Pride and Moral Life. The self-conscious emotions: theory and research / J.L. Tracy, R.W. Robins, J.P. Tangney (eds.). New York: The Guilford Press, 2007. P. 114–133.
14. Huggins M. Vice and the Victorians. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015. 272 p.
15. Hoffman M.L. Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2000. 331 p.
16. Hutcherson C.A., Gross J.J. The moral emotions: A social-functionalist account of anger, disgust, and contempt. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2011. Vol. 100(4). P. 719–737. DOI: 10.1037/a0022408.
17. Keltner D. Evidence for the distinctness of embarrassment, shame, and guilt: A study of recalled antecedents and facial expressions of emotion. Cognition and Emotion. 1996. Vol. 10(2). P. 155–172. DOI: 10.1080/026999396380312.
18. Lapsley D. Moral identity and developmental theory. Commentary on Krettenauer and Hertz. Human Development. 2015. Vol. 58(3). P. 164–171. DOI: 10.1159/000435926.
19. Moral Sentimentalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moralsentimentalism/.
20. Lewis M. Origins of the self-conscious child. The essential handbook of social anxiety for clinicians / W.R. Croiser, L.E. Alden (eds.). Chichester, 2005. P. 81–98.
21. McCrystal E. Imposed identities and buried moral instincts in Great Expectations. The Victorian. 2014. Vol. 2(2). URL: http://journals.sfu.ca/vict/index.php/vict/article/view/107/54.
22. Nabi R.L. The theoretical versus the lay meaning of disgust: Implications for emotion research. Cognition and Emotion. 2002. Vol. 16(5). P. 695–703. DOI: 10.1080/02699930143000437.
23. Oyserman D., James L. Possible identities. Handbook of identity theory and research / S.J. Schwartz, K. Luyckx, V.L. Vignoles (eds.). New York: Springer, 2011. P. 117–149.
24. Pinich I. Religious ideologemes in transition: A residue of theological virtues in the emotionalist ethics of Victorian novels. Lege artis. Language yesterday, today, tomorrow: the journal of University of SS Cyril and Methodius in Trnava. Warsaw: De Gruyter Open, 2018. Vol. III(1). P. 274–313. DOI: 10.2478/lart-2018-0006 ISSN 2453-8035.
25. Pinich I. Positive moral emotions in cultivating ideology of VICTORIAN MORALITY (a corpus-based study). Наукові записки Національного університету «Острозька академія». Серія «Філологія». Острог: НаУОА, 2018. Вип. 1(69). Ч. 2. С. 96–101. DOI: 10.25264/2519-2558-2018-1(69)/2-96-101.
26. Poulshock J.W. Language and morality: Evolution, altruism, and linguistic moral mechanisms: thesis submitted in fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Edinburgh, 2006. 268 p.
27. Prinz J. Morality is a culturally conditioned response. Philosophy Now. 2011. Iss. 82. P. 6–9.
28. Roedder E., Harman G. Linguistics and moral theory. The Moral Psychology Handbook / J. Doris (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. P. 273–291.
29. Sedikides C., Skowronski J.J. The Symbolic Self in Evolutionary Context. Personality and Social Psychology Review. 1997. Vol. 1(1). P. 80–102.
30. Shame. The Free Dictionary by Farlex. URL: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/shame.
31. Shweder R.A., Much N.C., Mahapatra M., Park L. The “big three” of morality (autonomy, community, divinity) and the “big three” explanations of suffering. Morality and health / A.M. Brandt, P. Rozin (eds.). Florence, KY, US: Taylor & Frances; Routledge, 1997. P. 119–169.
32. Sin. Catechism of the Catholic church. URL: http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p3s1c1a8.htm.
33. Slote M. A sentimentalist theory of the mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014. 247 p.
34. Tangney J.P., Stuewig J., Mashek D.J. Moral emotions and moral behavior. Annual Review of Psychology. 2007. Vol. 58. P. 345–372.
35. Tracy J.L., Robins R.W. The self in self-conscious emotions: A cognitive appraisal approach. The self-conscious emotions: theory and research / J.L. Tracy, R.W. Robins, J.P. Tangney (eds.). New York: The Guilford Press, 2007. P. 3–20.
36. Walker L.J., Frimer J.A. Moral personality of brave and caring exemplars. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2007. Vol. 93. P. 845–860.
37. Webster’s Complete Dictionary of the English Language / Ch.A. Goodrich, N. Porter, C.A.F. Mahn (eds.). London: George Bell & Sons, 1886. 1847 p.